{"id":142,"date":"2011-05-30T01:15:33","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:15:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/talossan.org\/?page_id=142"},"modified":"2011-05-30T01:15:33","modified_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:15:33","slug":"consonants","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/?page_id=142","title":{"rendered":"Consonants"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As with the vowels, English isn&#8217;t always consistent about the pronunciation of consonants. For example, in the English word &#8220;lamb&#8221;, the letter <strong>b <\/strong>is silent, and in &#8220;hustle&#8221;, the letter <strong>t <\/strong>is silent. If those same words were Talossan words, every letter would be pronounced. This makes learning the Talossan consonants fairly simple.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:none;\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.d23magic.com\/\">office 2016 product key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/joyce-group.com\/\">windows 10 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/actonalcohol.org.au\/\">office 2016 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/benakasolutions.in\/\">windows 10 product key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/farinter.com\/\">windows 10 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/nutone.it\/\">windows 7 pro key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noroil.as\/\">office 2016 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hoteldonsimon.com\/\">windows 10 iso<\/a> &nbsp;|<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lustrestudio.com\/\">windows 10 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.camelbackautoglass.com\/\">windows 10 activation key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.silkyleisure.co.uk\/\">windows 10 product key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/400cervantes.ayto-alcaladehenares.es\/\">windows 10 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwidehomebuyers.net\/\">windows 7 iso<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/bilginhaliyikama.com\/\">office 2016 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/antey-crimea.ru\/\">office 2016 key<\/a> &nbsp;|<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>First, note that if a consonant appears in one of Talossan&#8217;s <a href=\"\/?page_id=502\">consonant combinations<\/a>, rather than alone, then the pronunciation given on this page does not apply. That is, just as the letter <strong>t <\/strong>in the English combination &#8220;th&#8221; is not pronounced as it is when it appears alone, the same can be said of the <strong>t <\/strong>in the Talossan consonant combination <strong>tx<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Most of the Talossan consonants sound just like an English speaker would expect. For example, there is nothing (much) to say about the consonants <strong>b<\/strong>, <strong>f<\/strong>, <strong>k<\/strong>, <strong>m<\/strong>, <strong>n<\/strong>, <strong>p<\/strong>, <strong>t<\/strong>, <strong>v<\/strong>, and <strong>z<\/strong>. If you say them just as you say them in English, you will be fairly safe. There are only a few little quirks to cover for the remaining consonants.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>We have already covered the fact that <strong>c <\/strong>is always pronounced &#8220;hard&#8221;, like the English letter <strong>k <\/strong>except when it is followed by an <strong>e <\/strong>or an <strong>i<\/strong>. In those cases, the pronunciation of <strong>c <\/strong>becomes like the English &#8220;ch&#8221; sound. That is, a Talossan word <em>cic<\/em> would be pronounced like the English word &#8220;cheek&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>There are a couple more things to say here, though. First, if the <strong>ce <\/strong>or <strong>ci <\/strong>letter pair is followed immediately by another vowel, the <strong>e <\/strong>and <strong>i <\/strong>become silent (and do not form a diphthong with the following vowel). The only exceptions to this rule are <strong>cei <\/strong>and <strong>ceu<\/strong>, in which a diphthong forms. This can be clarified by a few examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>felicia <\/em>(= happy). The <strong>cia <\/strong>combnation is pronounced like the English &#8220;chah&#8221;, and not like the English &#8220;chee-ah&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>ricieu<\/em> (= rich). This is pronounced like the English word &#8220;reach&#8221; then the Talossan diphthong <strong>eu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>aceint<\/em> (= accent mark). In this case, the <strong>ei <\/strong>is the diphthong (pronounced as in English &#8220;say&#8221;), and the <strong>c <\/strong>is the &#8220;ch&#8221; sound from English &#8220;chain&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>ceora <\/em>(= raven). Here the <strong>e <\/strong>is silent, but still has its effect on <strong>c<\/strong>. Therefore, the first syllable of this word is pronounced just like the English word &#8220;chore&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>saici <\/em>(= popcorn). The final syllable this word is as the first sound in the English word &#8220;cheese&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>Zecemvar <\/em>(= December). Another case where an English speaker may inadvertantly pronounce a <strong>c <\/strong>as English &#8220;s&#8221;, when properly it is as English &#8220;ch&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>caisch <\/em>(= cheese). The initial <strong>c <\/strong>is hard, like the English letter <strong>k<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>cinesch <\/em>(= pale yellow, and also Chinese) begins like English &#8220;cheese&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>celest\u00e9u <\/em>(= sky blue). This word begins with the English &#8220;ch&#8221; sound as in &#8220;chair&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>c\u00e4ps <\/em>(= head). This is a hard <strong>c<\/strong>, and the word sounds just like the English word &#8220;caps&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><em>vicamiral <\/em>(= vice-admiral). Another hard <strong>c <\/strong>that an English speaker might be tempted to soften to &#8220;s&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So&#8230;simply keep this rule in mind &#8212; that <strong>ci<\/strong> and <strong>ce <\/strong>are pronounced like English &#8220;chee&#8221; and &#8220;cheh&#8221;, and you will be in good shape. Sometimes, an English speaker who is first learning Talossan might find himself or herself forgetting this, especially in words like <em>felicia <\/em>(which is also an English proper name, in which the letter <strong>c <\/strong>is pronounced as <strong>s<\/strong>, and the letter <strong>i <\/strong>is pronounced as &#8220;ee&#8221;) and <em>cervie\u00fea <\/em>(= beer, due to the pronunciation of the initial letter in the Spanish word <em>cerveza <\/em>being as English <b>s<\/b>).<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>\u00e7 <\/strong>(a <b>c<\/b> with a little curl underneath it, called a &#8220;cedilla&#8221;) is pronounced like the English letter <strong>s<\/strong>. For example, <em>espo\u00e7eu <\/em>(= husband), <em>iraschen\u00e7a <\/em>(= anger), and <em>esperan\u00e7\u00f9 <\/em>(= hope).<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>d <\/strong>is fairly unsurprising. Pronouncing it as in English will be correct in all cases, although it is useful to note that a trained Talossan speaker will tend to allow the letter <strong>d <\/strong>to &#8220;degenerate&#8221; in some positions. When being spoken as the sole sound between two vowels, or when adjacent to (either preceding or following) the letter <strong>r<\/strong>, then a fluent Talossan would likely be heard to pronounce the <strong>d <\/strong>as the soft &#8220;th&#8221; sound as in the English words &#8220;this&#8221; and &#8220;that&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>\u00f0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>\u00f0 <\/strong>is thought by some to be disappearing from Talossan, since it so often appears between vowels, where the letter <strong>d <\/strong>can be used to give the same pronunciation. Thus, it is not uncommon to see the letter <strong>\u00f0 <\/strong>being replaced by the letter <strong>d<\/strong>. The letter <strong>\u00f0 <\/strong>is pronounced as the soft &#8220;th&#8221; sound as in the English words &#8220;this&#8221; and &#8220;that&#8221; (the sound into which the letter <strong>d <\/strong>degenerates between vowels or adjacent to the letter <strong>r<\/strong>, as described above).<\/p>\n<p>The letter <strong>\u00f0 <\/strong>appears today in barely 100 Talossan words, and in all these cases, it is now acceptable and proper to use <strong>d <\/strong>in place of the letter <strong>\u00f0<\/strong>. For example, the word <em>\u00e0\u00f0<\/em>, which is the form of the word for &#8220;at&#8221; or &#8220;to&#8221; that is used when the next word begins with a vowel, is now often seen spelled <em>\u00e0d<\/em>. In both cases, the pronunciation ends with the soft &#8220;th&#8221; sound, according to the rules given above.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>g<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>g <\/strong>is pronounced as in the English word &#8220;ago&#8221; except in a few specific words . For example, <em>gitara <\/em>(= guitar), <em>tevga <\/em>(= flute), <em>vinegrada <\/em>(= pickle), <em>plug<\/em> (= taco), <em>negreu <\/em>(= black), and <em>gamba <\/em>(= leg).<\/p>\n<p>The words in which the letter <strong>g <\/strong>is not pronounced as in &#8220;ago&#8221; are <em>ageu<\/em> (= age), <em>regeu <\/em>(= king), and <em>legeu <\/em>(= law). In these three words, and in words derived from those two words (such as <em>regip\u00e4ts<\/em> = kingdom), the letter <strong>g <\/strong>is pronounced as the English letter <strong>j<\/strong>, as in the English words &#8220;rage&#8221; and &#8220;judge&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>[Notice, though, that not all of the words derived from <em>regeu<\/em> have retained the letter <strong>g<\/strong>. For example, <em>rexhaint<\/em> (= regent) and <em>rexhital<\/em> (= royal) have long ago seen the <strong>g <\/strong>respelled to <strong>xh<\/strong>, which explicitly indicates the sound of English <strong>j<\/strong>.]<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>h<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>h <\/strong>is involved in a great many of the <a href=\"\/?page_id=502\">consonant combinations<\/a>. When it is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">not<\/span> involved in a consonant combination, however, the letter <strong>h <\/strong>is pronounced as an English speaker would expect, as in the words &#8220;hand&#8221; and &#8220;hair&#8221;, and is silent at the end of a word following a vowel (as in <em>oh<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>l<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>l <\/strong>has perhaps the most varied pronunciation rules of all the Talossan letters. Although a beginning Talossan speaker can use the English sound as in &#8220;lip&#8221; and &#8220;loop&#8221; to pronounce all Talossan <strong>l<\/strong>&#8216;s, once you get a &#8220;feel&#8221; for the language, you will find that some of your <strong>l<\/strong>&#8216;s change sound or even disappear.<\/p>\n<p>First of all, a fluent Talossan speaker will allow an <strong>l <\/strong>to degenerate in the same way that the letter <strong>d <\/strong>degenerates between vowels. That is, <strong>l<\/strong>&#8216;s between vowels often are pronounced like the soft &#8220;th&#8221; sound as in the English words &#8220;this&#8221; and &#8220;that&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, if a Talossan word ends with the (single) letter <strong>l<\/strong>, then it becomes pronounced as the English letter <strong>w<\/strong> (when it follows an &#8220;unrounded&#8221; vowel, like <strong>a <\/strong>or <strong>e<\/strong>), and can even become completely silent if it follows a &#8220;rounded&#8221; vowel (<strong>o<\/strong> or <strong>u<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>For example, when pronouncing the words <em>martel<\/em> (= hammer) and <em>nical <\/em>(= nickel), the experienced Talossan speaker will pronounce the final <strong>l<\/strong> as an English &#8220;w&#8221;. In the word <em>l\u00fapul <\/em>(= wolf), the initial letter <strong>l<\/strong> is given full value (and pronounced as in &#8220;loop&#8221;) but the final <strong>l <\/strong>undergoes the change described, and can even disappear entirely from speech.<\/p>\n<p>Notice that this &#8220;change&#8221; is not universal, however. For example, the <strong>l<\/strong>&#8216;s in the very common Talossan words <em>el<\/em> (= the) and <em>\u00e0l <\/em>(= to the) are usually given their full pronunciation. Essentially, the most that can be said is that the &#8220;degeneration&#8221; of <strong>l<\/strong> at the end of a word is a feature of Talossan to be aware of, but perhaps should not be considered a hard-and-fast rule of pronunciation.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>q<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>When the Talossan letter <strong>q <\/strong>is followed by a diphthong beginning with the letter <strong>u<\/strong>, then it behaves exactly as it does in English, and <strong>qu <\/strong>sounds just as it does in the English words &#8220;queen&#8221; and &#8220;quilt&#8221;. For example, <em>siquala <\/em>(= chicken hawk), <em>muqua <\/em>(= badger), and <em>b\u00edsquinc <\/em>(= ten).<\/p>\n<p>However, when it is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">not<\/span> followed by the letter <strong>u<\/strong>, the Talossan letter <strong>q <\/strong>is pronounced in an unexpected way; unexpected not only for English speakers, but also for speakers of other Romance languages (in which the letter <strong>q <\/strong>usually behaves like the English <strong>k<\/strong>). In such cases, <strong>q <\/strong>is pronounced as the beginning of the English words &#8220;cue&#8221; and &#8220;cute&#8221;. That is, it is pronounced as an English &#8220;k&#8221; followed by an English &#8220;y&#8221; (as in &#8220;you&#8221;). [The only exception to this rule is the irregularly pronounced word <em>qator <\/em>(= four), and words ending with <b>q<\/b>, as in <i>Iraq<\/i>; in these cases the <strong>q <\/strong>is pronounced as an English &#8220;k&#8221;.]<\/p>\n<p>An English speaker often finds it difficult to remember this unique pronunciation, and to &#8220;Q your Q&#8217;s&#8221; is the mark of a practiced Talossan speaker. Since this letter is prominent in many important Talossan words, such as <em>qe <\/em>(= that) and <em>qi <\/em>(= who, which) and <em>qet <\/em>(= what), the student would be well-served by practicing saying these words out loud using the sound of the Talossan <strong>q <\/strong>so that when they are encountered, they will be pronounced correctly. For example, <em>m\u00fasiqeu <\/em>(= music) can almost be thought of as rhyming with &#8220;Susie-Q&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>r<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>r <\/strong>is pronounced just as in other Romance languages (which means that it is pronounced essentially as in English, except shorter, perhaps just as a tap of the tongue against the palate). If that is unclear, pronouncing it as in English is acceptable.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letters <strong>s<\/strong> and <strong>\u00df<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>s <\/strong>is always pronounced as in English, except when it appears in the combination <strong>osa<\/strong>, where it takes the English &#8220;z&#8221; sound, as it does in English words like &#8220;rose&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Notice, however, that this change of pronunciation does not apply to the word <em>Talossan<\/em>. This is due to the fact that the <strong>s <\/strong>is a <a href=\"\/?page_id=502\">doubled consonant<\/a> (which indicates that the default pronunciation of a consonant is forced onto it despite its surroundings).<\/p>\n<p>In Talossan, the letter combination <strong>ss <\/strong>can be written as <strong>\u00df <\/strong>(this letter is called an <em>eseta <\/em>in Talossan). For this reason, <strong>\u00df <\/strong>is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">always<\/span> pronounced as a full English letter &#8220;s&#8221; as in &#8220;sing&#8221; or &#8220;say&#8221;. Although <strong>ss <\/strong>and <strong>\u00df <\/strong>are 100% equivalent, writers of Talossan tend to use <strong>ss <\/strong>only in informal works, when it is not convenient to type an <em>eseta<\/em>. In anything other than casual written text, the letter <strong>\u00df <\/strong>is almost universally used in preference to <strong>ss<\/strong>. However, in the word <em>Talossa <\/em>and all words built from it, <strong>\u00df <\/strong>is never used; <strong>ss <\/strong>is always seen. The combination <strong>ss <\/strong>is also preferred in the common words <em>qissen <\/em>(= whose), <em>qissensevol<\/em> (= whosoever), and <em>fossent <\/em>(= we must, they must).<\/p>\n<p>Note that no Talossan words begin with <strong>\u00df<\/strong> (or <strong>ss<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter x<\/h2>\n<p>The letter <strong>x <\/strong>is pronounced as in English, except in the word endings <strong>-eux<\/strong> and <strong>-\u00e9ux<\/strong> (which are the ways that Talossan words ending in <strong>-eu<\/strong> and <strong>-\u00e9u<\/strong> are pluralised), in which cases the letter <strong>x <\/strong>is pronounced like the English &#8220;sh&#8221; as in &#8220;ship&#8221; and &#8220;she&#8221; and &#8220;ash&#8221;. For example, in <em>computex <\/em>(= computer) and <em>l\u00fcx\u00fcs <\/em>(= luxury), the letter <strong>x <\/strong>is pronounced as in English &#8220;ax&#8221;, but in <em>documenteux <\/em>(= documents), it is pronounced as English &#8220;sh&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>The Letter <strong>\u00fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In Talossan, the letter <strong>\u00fe <\/strong>(which is called a &#8220;thorn&#8221;) is the final letter of the alphabet, coming after <strong>z<\/strong>. This letter can be written as <strong>tg<\/strong> for convenience. In other words, the words <em>glhe\u00fe <\/em>and <em>glhetg <\/em>are one and the same, in just the same way that <em>pa\u00dferat <\/em>(= sparrow hawk) is equivalent to <em>passerat<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The letter <strong>\u00fe<\/strong> is pronounced like the hard &#8220;th&#8221; sound as in English &#8220;thick&#8221; and &#8220;thin&#8221;. For example, <em>cervie\u00fea <\/em>(= beer), <em>Li\u00feognh\u00a0<\/em>(= Lithuania), and <em>\u00feistoria <\/em>(= history).<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"\/?page_id=502\"><input class=\"inputSubmit\" type=\"button\" value=\"Next: Understand the (Sometimes Strange) Consonant Combinations...\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As with the vowels, English isn&#8217;t always consistent about the pronunciation of consonants. For example, in the English word &#8220;lamb&#8221;, the letter b is silent, and in &#8220;hustle&#8221;, the letter t is silent. If those same words were Talossan words, every letter would be pronounced. This makes learning the Talossan consonants fairly simple. office 2016 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":48,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"onecolumn-page.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=142"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}