{"id":180,"date":"2011-05-30T01:51:11","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:51:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/talossan.org\/?page_id=180"},"modified":"2011-05-30T01:51:11","modified_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:51:11","slug":"genitive-indication","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/?page_id=180","title":{"rendered":"Genitive Indication"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Just as in English, Talossan has three ways of expressing ownership. <\/p>\n<h2>Possessive Adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>Here are Talossan&#8217;s possessive adjectives, which always precede the noun (just as in English). Notice also that when a possessive adjective is used, the noun should not be accompanied by an article.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>va <\/em>(= my)<\/li>\n<li><em>tu <\/em>(= your)<\/li>\n<li><em>sieu <\/em>(= his, her, or its)<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00e7a <\/em>(= its)<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00e1r <\/em>and <em>noastra <\/em>(= our)<\/li>\n<li><em>voastra <\/em>(= your, referring to a plural owner [&#8220;you guys&#8217;s&#8221;])<\/li>\n<li><em>lor <\/em>(= their)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These adjectives are all invariable for gender.<\/p>\n<p>Other than <em>\u00e1r<\/em>, all of these adjectives have plural forms (<em>vaes<\/em>, <em>tuns<\/em>, <em>sieux<\/em>, <em>\u00e7a&#8217;ns<\/em>, <em>noschtri<\/em>, <em>voschtri<\/em>, and <em>lors<\/em>), but it is actually very common to see the singular form used in place of the plural, other than <em>noschtri <\/em>and <em>voschtri<\/em>, which must be used.  For example, both <em>va vexhetal <\/em>(= my vegetable) and <em>va vexhetais<\/em> (= my vegetables) are considered proper, although <em>vaes vexhetais<\/em> is also sometimes seen. However, <em>noastra vexhetais<\/em> would be improper; this must be <em>noschtri vexhetais<\/em> (= our vegetables).<\/p>\n<p>The adjective <em>va <\/em>is the only one of these that elides, meaning that it loses its letter <b>a<\/b> and gets contracted to any following noun which begins with a vowel. For example, <em>v&#8217;aic<\/em> (= my horse).<\/p>\n<h2>Possessive Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>Talossan&#8217;s possessive pronouns are listed below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>el m\u00e9u<\/em> (= mine). This has the plural form <em>els m\u00e9ux<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>el tu<\/em> (= yours). This has the plural form <em>els tuns<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>el s\u00edeu<\/em> (= his or hers). This has the plural form <em>els s\u00edeux<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>el \u00e7a&#8217;n<\/em> (= its). This has the plural form <em>els \u00e7a&#8217;ns<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>el noastra<\/em> (= ours). This has the plural form <em>els noschtri<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>el voastra<\/em> (= yours [referring to a plural owner]). This has the plural form <em>els voschtri<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>el lor<\/em> (= theirs). This has the plural form <em>els lors<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, <em>el criedit fost estarh el noastra<\/em> (= the credit should be ours), and <em>acestilor sint els lors<\/em> (= those are theirs).<\/p>\n<p>When used of owned nouns that are feminine in grammatical gender, in most cases these same words are retained, simply with the change of article (that is, <em>la noastra<\/em>, <em>las voschtri<\/em>, <em>las tuns<\/em>, etc.). However, in four cases, the pronoun (as well as the article) changes as shown below (in some cases to a word exhibiting consonant mutation) when referring to an owned-noun that has feminine gender:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>la mh\u00eda<\/em> and <em>las m\u00edas<\/em> (= mine); recall that <em>mh\u00eda <\/em>is pronounced as the English &#8220;VEE-uh&#8221;,<\/li>\n<li><em>la thu<\/em> (= yours); recall that <em>thu<\/em> is pronounced as the English &#8220;hoo&#8221;,<\/li>\n<li><em>la ts\u00eda<\/em> and <em>las s\u00edas<\/em> (= his or hers); recall that <em>ts\u00eda <\/em>is pronounced as the English &#8220;TEE-uh&#8221;, and<\/li>\n<li><em>la lhor<\/em> (= theirs), with the <strong>lh<\/strong> pronounced like the &#8220;th&#8221; in the English word &#8220;father&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, <em>la querela fost estarh la mh\u00eda<\/em> (= the blame should be mine), and <em>va casa c&#8217;e la thu<\/em> (= my house [it] is yours).<\/p>\n<h2>The Genitive Mark<\/h2>\n<p>The final way to indicate ownership in Talossan is known as the &#8220;genitive mark&#8221;. This is very similar to how English uses the apostrophe-<strong>s<\/strong> in phrases like &#8220;John&#8217;s house&#8221; and &#8220;my sister&#8217;s hair&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>In Talossan, the genitive mark is a word, <em>s\u00e8<\/em>, which goes in between the owning noun and the owned noun. For example, <em>Ian s\u00e8 casa<\/em> (= John&#8217;s house) and <em>va soror s\u00e8 caveglhen<\/em> (= my sister&#8217;s hair[s]).<\/p>\n<p>When the owned noun begins with a vowel, then <em>s\u00e8 <\/em>elides with it, losing its letter <strong>e<\/strong>. For example, <em>Ian s&#8217;uglhen<\/em> (= John&#8217;s eyes) and <em>va soror s&#8217;atit\u00fcd<\/em> (= my sister&#8217;s attitude). So you see what is &#8220;apostrophe-<strong>s<\/strong>&#8221; in English is often &#8220;<strong>s<\/strong>-apostrophe&#8221; in Talossan.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"\/?page_id=539\" onmouseover=\"this.style.cursor='hand'\"><input class=\"inputSubmit\" type=\"button\" value=\"Next: Good, Better, Best, and Other Comparisons in Talossan...\" onclick=\"window.location='\/?page_id=539'\"><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Just as in English, Talossan has three ways of expressing ownership. Possessive Adjectives Here are Talossan&#8217;s possessive adjectives, which always precede the noun (just as in English). Notice also that when a possessive adjective is used, the noun should not be accompanied by an article. va (= my) tu (= your) sieu (= his, her, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":55,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"onecolumn-page.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/180"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/180\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/55"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}