{"id":188,"date":"2011-05-30T01:53:41","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/talossan.org\/?page_id=188"},"modified":"2011-05-30T01:53:41","modified_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:53:41","slug":"the-past-tense","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/?page_id=188","title":{"rendered":"The Past Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Just as with the present-tense conjugations discussed in the previous lecture, there are simple rules to conjugate verbs into the past tense. You will use past-tense verb conjugations whenever you want to talk about something that was formerly true or had happened. For example, the English phrase &#8220;I loved baseball&#8221; includes the past tense form of the verb &#8220;to love&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>Conjugation of Regular Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>As you recall, the infinitive form of most Talossan verbs ends with the letters <strong>-arh<\/strong>. To form the past-tense conjugations, that ending is replaced by one of the endings shown in the table below. The Talossan verb <em>amarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to love) is used for the examples.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>am<b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">eveu<\/span><\/b> (=\u00a0I loved)<\/li>\n<li>am<b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ev\u00e1s<\/span><\/b> (=\u00a0you loved)<\/li>\n<li>am<b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">eva<\/span><\/b> (=\u00a0he\/she\/it loved)<\/li>\n<li>am<b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">event<\/span><\/b> (=\u00a0we\/they loved)<\/li>\n<li>am<b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">evetz<\/span><\/b> (=\u00a0y&#8217;all loved)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These simple word-ending changes apply to all Talossan verbs except those (listed below) that have irregular past-tense conjugations.<\/p>\n<p>Notice that the form for the &#8220;I&#8221; subject is not <strong>-ev\u00e9u<\/strong>; it is <strong>-eveu<\/strong>, without an accent on the <strong>e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Just as with the present tense, if the infinitive form of a verb ends with <strong>-carh<\/strong>, then the letter <strong>h<\/strong> is introduced in spelling into the past-tense endings, to preserve the hard pronunciation of the letter <strong>c<\/strong>. For example, the verb <em>pecarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to sin) has the forms <em>pecheveu <\/em>(=\u00a0I sinned), <em>pechev\u00e1s <\/em>(=\u00a0you sinned), <em>pecheva <\/em>(=\u00a0he\/she\/it sinned), <em>pechevent <\/em>(=\u00a0we\/they sinned), and <em>pechevetz <\/em>(=\u00a0y&#8217;all sinned).<\/p>\n<p>As in English, verbs can appear in present tense form in statements that concern the past. For example, you may hear an English sentence such as &#8220;So yesterday, I go to the doctor and he tells me I should exercise more&#8221; \u2014 although the verbs in the sentence are expressed in present tense, the sentence is obviously in the past tense, due to the specified time frame. This same thing can be done in Talossan: <em>sa ieiri, v\u00e9u \u00e0l medico, es o me z\u00eda qe \u00e9u fost palaistrarh p\u00fc<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>Irregular Past Tense Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>Eight Talossan verbs have irregular past-tense conjugations. Those verbs are listed below and these exceptions simply need to be memorised:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>creatarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to create) has the irregular forms <em>creav\u00e9u<\/em> (=\u00a0I created), <em>creav\u00e1s <\/em>(=\u00a0you created), <em>creava <\/em>(=\u00a0he\/she\/it created), creavent (=\u00a0we\/they created), and <em>creavetz<\/em> (=\u00a0y&#8217;all created)<\/li>\n<li><em>credarh<\/em> (=\u00a0to believe) has the irregular forms <em>crev\u00e9u <\/em>(=\u00a0I believed), <em>crevas <\/em>(=\u00a0you believed), <em>creva <\/em>(=\u00a0he\/she\/it believed), crevent (=\u00a0we\/they believed), and <em>crevetz <\/em>(=\u00a0y&#8217;all believed)<\/li>\n<li><em>estarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to be) may be conjugated regularly (<em>esteveu<\/em>, <em>estev\u00e1s<\/em>, <em>esteva<\/em>, <em>estevent<\/em>, and <em>estevetz<\/em>) or may use the irregular forms <em>f\u00fct <\/em>(=\u00a0I\/you\/he\/she\/it was\/were) and <em>f\u00fcvent <\/em>(=\u00a0we\/they\/y&#8217;all were), which are often chosen for use following vowels.<\/li>\n<li><em>irh <\/em>(the verb of motion; &#8220;to come\/go) and <em>vi\u00e9narh <\/em>(the manitive and retrospective aspect auxiliary) both conjugate into the past tense as if from the infinitive venarh, giving <em>veneveu<\/em>, <em>venev\u00e1s<\/em>, <em>veneva<\/em>, <em>venevent<\/em>, and <em>venevent<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>mo\u00e1rtarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to die) conjugates into the past tense as if from the infinitive <em>mortarh<\/em>, giving <em>morteveu<\/em>, <em>mortev\u00e1s<\/em>, <em>morteva<\/em>, <em>mortevent<\/em>, and <em>mortevetz<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>pevarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to be able to [can]) conjugates into the past tense as if from the infinitive <em>pognharh<\/em>, giving <em>pognheveu <\/em>(=\u00a0I was able to), <em>pognhev\u00e1s<\/em> (=\u00a0you were able to), <em>pognheva <\/em>(=\u00a0he\/she\/it was able to), <em>pognhevent <\/em>(=\u00a0we\/they were able to), and <em>pognevetz<\/em> (=\u00a0y&#8217;all were able to)<\/li>\n<li><em>scr\u00eduarh <\/em>(=\u00a0to write) conjugates into the past tense as if from the infinitive <em>scrivarh<\/em>, giving <em>scriveveu <\/em>(=\u00a0I wrote), <em>scrivev\u00e1s <\/em>(=\u00a0you wrote), <em><em>scriveva <\/em><\/em>(=\u00a0he\/she\/it wrote), <em>scrivevent <\/em>(=\u00a0we\/they wrote), and <em>scrivevetz <\/em>(=\u00a0y&#8217;all wrote)<\/li>\n<li><em>tirh<\/em> (=\u00a0to have) has the irregular forms <em>tignhoveu <\/em>(=\u00a0I had), <em>tignhov\u00e1s <\/em>(=\u00a0you had), <em>tignhova <\/em>(=\u00a0he\/she\/it had), <em>tignhovent <\/em>(=\u00a0we\/they had), and <em>tignhovetz <\/em>(=\u00a0y&#8217;all had)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"\/?page_id=191\"><input class=\"inputSubmit\" type=\"button\" value=\"Next: You Will Be Reading About the Future Tense...\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Just as with the present-tense conjugations discussed in the previous lecture, there are simple rules to conjugate verbs into the past tense. You will use past-tense verb conjugations whenever you want to talk about something that was formerly true or had happened. For example, the English phrase &#8220;I loved baseball&#8221; includes the past tense form [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":63,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"onecolumn-page.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/188"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=188"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/188\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/63"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}