{"id":201,"date":"2011-05-30T01:57:11","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/talossan.org\/?page_id=201"},"modified":"2011-05-30T01:57:11","modified_gmt":"2011-05-30T06:57:11","slug":"conjunctions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/?page_id=201","title":{"rendered":"Conjunctions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Conjunctions are among the most common words in Talossan (or any language), and so you have certainly seen many of them in action already during this course. We will be able to go through them very quickly. The first set are the simplest and most common: the coordinating conjunctions.<\/p>\n<h2>Coordinating Conjunctions<\/h2>\n<p>The Talossan coordinating conjunctions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>es <\/em>(= and)<\/li>\n<li><em>mas <\/em>(= but)<\/li>\n<li><em>eda <\/em>(= or)<\/li>\n<li><em>ni <\/em>(= nor)<\/li>\n<li><em>cair <\/em>(= for, since, because, as in &#8220;he will succeed, for he is rich&#8221;; notice that this is different from the English word &#8220;for&#8221; as a preposition, as in &#8220;he will ask for food&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>ocs\u00e0<\/em> (= also)<\/li>\n<li><em>sa <\/em>(= so, then, thus)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Correlative Conjunctions<\/h2>\n<p>Correlative conjunctions are those that are used in pairs, as English &#8220;neither&#8221; is used with &#8220;nor&#8221;. The Talossan correlative conjunctions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>come <\/em>(= as, like). For example, <em>come fred come la giatza<\/em> (= as cold as ice). Notice that the coordinating conjunction <em>sa <\/em>(= so) can also be used for either for the first of the pair: <em>sa fred come la giatza<\/em>, and that the word <em>qe <\/em>(= than) can be used for the second: <em>sa fred qe la giatza<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>es <\/em>(= both, and). For example, <em>es del p\u00e0 es dal apa<\/em> (= both bread and water). Notice that the numerical adjective <em>emb\u00f9 <\/em>(= both) is also used: <em>emb\u00f9 dal p\u00e0 es dal apa<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>eda <\/em>(= either, or). For example, <em>eda l&#8217;iens eda l&#8217;altreu<\/em> (= either the one or the other).<\/li>\n<li><em>ni <\/em>(= neither, nor). For example, <em>ni l&#8217;iens ni l&#8217;altreu <\/em>(= neither the one nor the other).<\/li>\n<li><em>non <\/em>(= not). For example, <em>non l&#8217;iens mas l&#8217;altreu <\/em>(= not the one but the other).<\/li>\n<li><em>siat <\/em>(= whether). For example, <em>siat l&#8217;iens eda l&#8217;altreu<\/em> (= whether the one or the other).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Subordinating Conjunctions<\/h2>\n<p>Some common subordinating conjunctions in Talossan are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>tanmateisch <\/em>(= all the same)<\/li>\n<li><em>come<\/em> (= as, like)<\/li>\n<li><em>schin\u00f2 <\/em>(= or else)<\/li>\n<li><em>altramint <\/em>(= or else, otherwise)<\/li>\n<li><em>iven\u00f0o <\/em>(= even though)<\/li>\n<li><em>bilc&#8217;h\u00e4c <\/em>(= by the way)<\/li>\n<li><em>masmint <\/em>(= however)<\/li>\n<li><em>parqet <\/em>(= whereby)<\/li>\n<li><em>petosch <\/em>(= moreover)<\/li>\n<li><em>qe <\/em>(= than); this important word was mentioned above as an option when creating comparisons using coordinating conjunctions, and is also discussed below.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Conjoining Subordinate Clauses<\/h2>\n<p>The conjunction <em>qe <\/em>(= that) is used as in English to connect a subordinate clause to a preceding verb. Although it is often omitted in English, it is improper to omit it in Talossan. For example, <em>o zireva qe os tignhovent menxhat<\/em> (= he said <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">that<\/span> they had eaten); while English can omit the underlined word &#8220;that&#8221; in the example, supplying it in Talossan is required.<\/p>\n<p>This conjunction often elides \u2014 becoming <strong>q&#8217;<\/strong> \u2014 before vowels. This is seen in the phrase <em>ur\u00e9u q&#8217;estadra sa<\/em> (= I pray that it would be so).<\/p>\n<h2>Conjunctive Use of Adverbs and Prepositions<\/h2>\n<p>In English, it is common to use adverbs and prepositions as conjunctions. For example, &#8220;I ate <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">while<\/span> he slept&#8221;. In Talossan, such constructions are usually formed by adding <em>qe <\/em>(= that) after a primary adverb. For example, <em>menxheveu <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">quand qe<\/span> o dormeva<\/em> (= I ate while [literally &#8220;when that&#8221;] he slept).<\/p>\n<p>This same conjunction, <em>qe<\/em>, is also employed after prepositions that are used in a conjunctive sense. For example, <em>non menxharha salva qe o menxhadra pirmalaiset<\/em> (= I will not eat unless [it is] that he eats first).<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;Of course, there is an exception, and it is for the word <em>come<\/em>. That adverb does not use <em>qe <\/em>after it when used in a conjunctive sense. For example, <em>la sopran s\u00e8 voce f\u00fct come la voce d&#8217;iens \u00e0inxhell<\/em> (= the soprano&#8217;s voice was like that of an angel).<\/p>\n<p>Some other conjunctive phrases to know are <em>moschut qe<\/em> (= as soon as), <em>sa schi<\/em> (= as if), and <em>sa m\u00fbchet come<\/em> (= so [very] much like). For example, <em>a menxharha moschut qe noi<\/em> (= she will eat as soon as we [eat]), <em>o menxha sa schi lo starvetz<\/em> (= he eats as if you guys starve him), and <em>o menxha sa m\u00fbchet com&#8217;iens porc<\/em> (= he eats much like a pig). Remember that this last construction (<em>sa m\u00fbchet come<\/em>) also has adjectival use: for example,<em> o menxha sa m\u00fbchet eziun com&#8217;iens aic<\/em> (= he eats as much food as a horse [eats]).<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"\/?page_id=203\"><input class=\"inputSubmit\" type=\"button\" value=\"Next: Forming Questions to Ask in Talossan...\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conjunctions are among the most common words in Talossan (or any language), and so you have certainly seen many of them in action already during this course. We will be able to go through them very quickly. The first set are the simplest and most common: the coordinating conjunctions. Coordinating Conjunctions The Talossan coordinating conjunctions [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":55,"menu_order":12,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"onecolumn-page.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/55"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.talossan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}